When connected in a circuit, it acts as a source of d. Electric current can be direct current dc or alternating current ac. Electric current is one of the most basic concepts that exists within electrical and electronic science electric current is at the core of the science of electricity. An electric charge creates an electric field in the space around it. Alternating current, ac and direct current, dc are two forms of electric current that are used each with its own advantages and disadvantages. As the name implies direct current, dc is a form of electricity that flows in one direction it is direct and this gives it its name. Very good note on current electricity covers the topic in detail got the calculations very helpful page 1 of 1 notesgen is the no. The currents in all the separate branches add together to give the total current. In a simple circuit that is used to light a bulb with a battery, the battery provides direct currenta current flowing in only one direction. Electric current is carried by moving electrons through a conductor. Current strength, in a conductor, is defined as the rate of flow of charge across any cross section of the conductor. Current electricity notes class 12th pdf download physics tutoria electric current is defined as the amount of charge flowing through any cross section of the conductor in unit time. For an electric current to flow, we need two things.
Basic electrical technology lecturer nptel videos description notes by prof. Download cbse notes, neet notes, engineering notes, mba notes and a lot more from our website and app. Mechanisms, which maintain a steady electric field are cells or batteries that we shall study later in this chapter. The current density vector gives current per unit area flowing through area a when it is held normal to the direction of charge flow. The circuit in which switch is open and the electric current does not flow in the circuit is called open circuit. Define and apply the concept of temperature coefficient of resistance. This is the document that the manufacturer provides telling you. Notes on house wiring system and some electrical devices.
The connection between the supply and the load is made by soldering with wires that are often called leads, or with many kinds of connectors and terminals. This is the document that the manufacturer provides telling you the typical device performance. Electrical circuits an electric circuit is the arrangement of conductors to provide a complete path through which electric current can flow from a supply current e. This current electricity pdf explains the flow of electric current, dc and ac current, simple experiment, and the basic law of electricity ohms law formula. Write and apply ohms law s law to circuits containing resistance and emf. The flow of electric charge is known as electric current. An electric cell is a device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Module 2 basic dc theory this module describes the basic concepts of direct current dc electrical circuits and discusses the associated terminology. Basic electricity fall 2011 this course module introduces the basic physical models by which we explain the flow of electricity. Pdf ee6010 high voltage direct current transmission. I direct current dc modern life could not exist if it were not for electricity and electronics. Hence, two basic essential parts of an electrical generator are.
Both ac and dc describe types of current flow in a circuit. Household currents are usually as large as several amps. Three volume of total 500 pages more than 110 topics in pdf format with watermark on each page. Define electric current electric current and electromotive force. Physics 231 lecture 62 fall 2008 resistors in series and parallel as with capacitors, resistors are often in series and. Understand and correctly use the terms current, direct current. Here the current can be seen to be seen to be either positive or negative only. Current, resistance and electromotive force physics. This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 25922 times. E fq0 the direction of the electric field is the direction of the force. Pradeep kshetrapal current electricity 5 v a electric current.
Circuits and practical electric circuitry categories o level tags american high school diploma, o level leave a comment post navigation simple model of the atom. Direct current such as the power from dry cells is characterized by a uniform direction of. In an electric circuit there should be a device that acts like the water pump in a fountain source of emf. Measuring unitselectrical equationelectrical thumb rules electrical quick reference electrical quick reference for electrical costing per square. Chapter 25 current, resistance and electromotive force. Fields and potentials around conductors capacitance. This module describes basic electrical concepts and introduces electrical terminology.
A second particle does not interact directly with the first, it responds to the field it encounters. If a circuit needs small amperage of current then we can use fuse with low amperage in household normally 5 to 15a of fuse is used and if the circuit needs high amount of current then high amperage of fuse is used in small scale industries up to 30a of fuse is used and in heavy industries fuse use varies greatly. If the light is left on for 1 hour 3600s, how much energy is used. An electric circuit is a complete path through which electricity travels circuits are made up of wires and electrical parts such as batteries, light bulbs, resistors, motors and switches a circuit diagram. Basic electronics concepts tutorials electronics notes. If you removed one load, the other loads will still work. Read all the important points and chapterwise notes on iitjee. Current through a given area of a conductor is the net charge passing per unit time through the area. Current electricity notes class 12th pdf download physics. In this device, the charge travels uphill from lower to higher v opposite to normal conductor due to the emf force. This article is concerned with the analysis of simple direct current circuits of two types. In the direct resistance heating, the electric current passes through the charge itself.
Alternating current is characterized by direction of flow and amount of electricity that changes cyclically over time. Electrical current is described as a flow of electrons. This principle is used in heating water by means of an electrode boiler. Current electricity notes 3 kirchoffs laws current law.
If a circuit needs small amperage of current then we can use fuse with low amperage in household normally 5 to 15a of fuse is used and if the circuit needs high amount of current then high amperage of fuse is used in small scale industries up to 30a of fuse is. The greater the resistance of a component is, the smaller the current through it will be. There are a number of basic concepts that form the foundations of todays electronics and radio technology. Pdf students understanding of direct current resistive electrical. Grover in order to use a pic microcontroller, a flipflop, a photodetector, or practically any electronic device, you need to consult a datasheet. How much water passes a point each second is defined as current also. Whether it is an electrical heater, a large electrical grid system, a mobile phone, computer, remote sensor node or whatever, the concept of electrical current is central to its. Any notes that students made during the interview were collected. Conductors, insulators and electric current conductors are materials in which a significant number of charged particles are free to move. Current electricity chapter 3,class 12th physics notes. If we connect them in series, r eq 300 if we connect them in parallel, r eq 30. The movement of an electron in the current flow is opposite to electric current. Notes for neet physics current electricity, charging.
The bohr model of an atom a nucleus surrounded by shells of electrons traveling in discrete orbits is presented. The characteristic of direct current, dc can be shown on a graph. The number of charges that pass a given point each second. The history of electricity starts more than two thousand years ago, with the greek philosopher thales being the earliest known researcher into electricity. The charged particles in insulators are not free to move. Selina concise physics class 9 icse solutions current. So if through a crosssection, q charge passes in time t then t q i av and instantaneous current dt dq t q ilim t u u u 0. Jan 19, 2020 quiz for static electricity, current electricity, d. Electric charge in alternating current ac, on the other hand, changes direction periodically. Electrostatics pdf electrostatics problem solving pdf mathematical background. Fundamentals of direct current circuits ced engineering.
An excellent annotated set of links keyed to your textbook. Creating magnetic fields biotsavart, amperes law, inductors and. Electric potential gradient gausss law revisited divergence. Quiz for static electricity, current electricity, d. Current electricity, chapter notes, class 12, physics, iit. Problem set 3 electric current and direct current circuits part a.
Class 10 notes of electricity electric current and potential by anita yadav m. When charge particles move through a material, we say an electric current exists in the material. Electricity and magnetism lecture notes ii download book. Download ee6010 high voltage direct current transmission lecture notes, books, syllabus parta 2 marks with answers ee6010 high voltage direct current transmission important partb 16 marks questions, pdf books, question bank with answers key download link is provided for students to download the anna university ee6010 high voltage direct current transmission lecture notes, syllabus part a 2. Electric charge, electric fields, dipoles, continuous charge distributions, coordinate systems, gradients, line and surface integrals, electric potential, e from v, equipotentials, gausss law, conductors and capacitors, magnetic fields. Directcurrent circuits chapter 21 electric current and. Electric circuits electricity means the flow of electric current. For most high quality microphones impedance is low, a few ohms ranging upto a. Current electricity and magnetism class 9 science notes.
Flow of current is flow of positive charge from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal of it. An electric circuit is a complete path through which electricity travels circuits are made up of wires and electrical parts such as batteries, light bulbs, resistors, motors and switches a circuit diagram is a shorthand method of describing a working circuit. Umanand description about all chapters i consider this as lecture 2 meaning the first part the motivation as 1, the second part the course contents as 2 and the lecture 3 which will be of course the next hour. The constant flow of charged particles in a circuit is called an electric current. Conductors are made of atoms whose outer, or valence, electrons have relatively weak bonds to their nuclei, as shown in this fanciful image of a copper atom. Define resistivity of a material and apply formulas for its calculation. Physics notes electricity example 2 in an electrolyte, both. Students understanding of direct current resistive electrical circuits. History of electricity greek scientists 2000 years ago they realized you could create a charge by rubbing two things together. Note that the direction of current flow in figure 20. How to read a datasheet prepared for the wims outreach program 5602, d.
In direct current dc, the electric charge current only flows in one direction. Direct current dc is the flow of electric charge in only one direction. Direct current such as the power from dry cells is characterized by a uniform direction of flow and amount voltage of electricity. An electrical generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy or power into electrical energy or power. Electrical symbol legend jmb gac gac 03192014 dewberry architects inc. Poisson and laplace equations curl uniqueness theorem introduction to conductors. The rate of flow of chrge through the conductor is called electric current. The lecture notes were prepared in latex by james silva, an mit student, based upon handwritten notes. Volume 2 of 4 module 3 dc circuits this module introduces the rules associated with the reactive. By convention, electric current flows in opposite direction to the. The voltage in ac circuits also periodically reverses because the current changes. Current electricity pdf definition,direct current, alternating current. How power grids work part of the amazing how stuff works web site the basics of series and parallel circuits part of the understandings of consequence project from harvard u.
1155 887 78 1060 321 969 1591 1352 34 1049 874 544 984 972 1468 365 1026 1085 832 726 1405 555 33 827 50 786 1289 1061 1455 825 902 1128 820 1120 1485 207 1442 1216